Why Are Governments Concerned to Accept Crypto as a Legal Tender?

The inception of cryptocurrency dates back to January 2009, introduced by an individual or group of programmers known as Satoshi Nakamoto, whose true identity remains unverified. Governments worldwide are cautiously observing the progression of Bitcoin, with countries such as El Salvador embracing it as a form of currency. However, major economies, including the United States, refuse to recognize it as legal tender. 

Governments are hesitant about making cryptocurrencies a legal tender is because of several factors:

Regulatory Challenges

Cryptocurrencies operate in a decentralized manner, often outside the control of any central authority. This characteristic makes it difficult for governments to regulate and oversee their use. Governments have concerns about the potential misuse of cryptocurrencies for illicit activities such as money laundering, tax evasion, and financing terrorism. They may also worry about the impact on their ability to implement monetary policies and control the economy.

Volatility and Financial Stability

Cryptocurrencies are known for their price volatility, with significant fluctuations occurring over short periods. This volatility raises concerns about financial stability and consumer protection. Governments typically aim to maintain stable currencies to facilitate trade, investment, and economic growth. The unpredictable nature of cryptocurrencies may introduce instability into the financial system, making governments wary.

Lack of Legal Frameworks

Many governments have existing legal and regulatory frameworks in place for traditional financial systems. Adapting these frameworks to encompass cryptocurrencies can be a complex and time-consuming process. Governments may be cautious about rushing into establishing regulations without fully understanding the potential implications. They may prefer to take a measured approach to ensure appropriate safeguards are in place to protect consumers and maintain the integrity of the financial system.

Consumer Protection and Fraud

Cryptocurrencies can be susceptible to fraud, scams, and hacking due to their digital nature and relative anonymity. Governments are responsible for protecting their citizens and ensuring the stability and security of financial transactions. They may have concerns about the lack of consumer protection mechanisms associated with cryptocurrencies and the potential for individuals to suffer financial losses.

Sovereignty and Monetary Control

Governments typically maintain control over their national currencies as a tool for economic management and to exert influence over their economies. Adopting a cryptocurrency as a legal tender could undermine this control and limit the ability of governments to influence monetary policy, manage inflation, and address economic challenges.

Bitcoin can circumvent government-imposed capital controls

Governments often institute capital controls to prevent outflows of a currency because exports could debase its value. For some, this is another form of control exerted by governments on economic and fiscal policy. In such instances, the stateless nature of Bitcoin comes in handy to circumvent capital controls and export wealth. 

Conclusion

It’s important to note that while some governments may be cautious, others have shown interest in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Several countries are exploring or have implemented regulatory frameworks to embrace cryptocurrencies, such as creating their own central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) or allowing regulated crypto exchanges to operate. The approach varies depending on the government’s assessment of risks, benefits, and the evolving landscape of cryptocurrencies.

To know more about CBDC, check out our blog on CBDCs Governments’ Attempt to Keep Reins.